Colds, sinusitis and hayfever – these are common ailments that cause blocked noses in millions of people around the world at any one time.
Of these three ailments, the cold is the most widespread and frequently experienced, which is why we often call it ‘the common cold’.1
All three of these conditions share similar symptoms such as a runny nose, a blocked or stuffy nose and sneezing.1
A blocked nose occurs when an infection or allergy causes the blood vessels in the nasal cavity to swell and for excessive fluid or mucus to be produced. This gives rise to a ‘stuffy feeling’.6
The sinuses and entire nasal cavity are lined with a thick layer of tissue called the nasal mucosa (also known as the mucocilliary layer or apparatus). This mucous membrane is responsible for transporting mucus. It provides an important defence mechanism against inhaled organisms and pollutants.3,4,5
Nasal washing or douching, is a procedure that rinses the nasal cavity with either hypertonic or isotonic saline solutions. 10, 11
The Isotonic solutions have the same salt concentration as the cells that line the nasal cavity whereas hypertonic solutions have a higher salt concentration.10
It can be performed through a spray, pump, nebulizer or squirt bottle. Saline is a salt water that is thought to work by enhancing the nasal mucosa’s ability to resist the effects of irritants, infections and other inflammatory agents. 12 Saline is effective for use in managing symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections, allergic rhinitis, and acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. 12
Last reviewed : 5 May 2024